Qiyas bi-Ghayr Wajh Shar'i

Applying Reasoning without a Shari'i Basis

The hand of God (here hand means support) and His strength remains upon the Jama'ah; whoever separates from the Jama'ah enters Hell.

(This hadith is narrated by Al-Hakim and Ibn Jarir and Al-Hakim from Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar (RA) and Hazrat Abdullah bin Abbas (RA), which is also in Kanz al-'Ummal)

عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ : بَلَغَنِيْ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ ”سَأَلْتُ رَبِّيْ أَنْ لَّا يَجْمَعَ اُمَّتِيْ عَلٰى ضَلَالَةٍ فَأَعْطَانِيْهَا“۔ (ابن جرير - كنز - ج 7)

(This hadith was narrated by Ibn Jarir. It is in the seventh volume of Kanz al-'Ummal on page 132)

Translation: It is narrated from Hazrat Hasan al-Basri (RH) that he said, the news has reached me that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "I prayed to God that He should not unite my Ummah upon misguidance, so Allah gave this thing to me and accepted my prayer (Therefore, the Ummah of Muhammad cannot agree on misguidance. In every era, someone or the other bravely speaks the truth, whether his life is in danger or goes away)."

قَالَ اللّٰهُ تَعَالٰی : وَلَا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُولٰئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُوْلًا - (بنی اسرائیل - آیت 36)

Vocabulary: وَلَا تَقْفُ; and do not follow behind, do not pursue it. قَفَا ، يَقْفُوْ ، قَفْوًا وُ قُفُوًّا; to walk behind, to follow. قَفًا; back of the neck. قَافِيَةِ; the ending word (technically in poetry, the letter that repeatedly comes at the end of a couplet). مَالَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ; that which you have no knowledge of. Whose state you are unaware of, meaning whatever is against the truth, do not propagate it. Do not apply your imaginary guesses. Do not fall into finding faults of anyone. Only Allah Almighty is free from defects. Translation: Allah Almighty commands: "And do not pursue that of which you have no knowledge (do not become an investigator without reason), undoubtedly the ear, the eye, the heart (etc.), each of these will be questioned regarding it."

مَنْ قَالَ فِى الدِّيْنِ بِرَأْيِهِ فَقَدْ اِتَّهَمَنِيْ - (الديلمي عن ابي ذر - كنز - ج 1)

Vocabulary: اِتَّهَمَ; falsely accused. اِتَّهَمَنِيْ; falsely accused me, attributed false statements to me from himself.

Translation: The Noble Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever acts upon his own opinion in religious matters without verification, he has falsely accused me."

(This hadith is narrated by Dailami from Hazrat Abu Dharr (RA). It is on page 53 of the first volume of Kanz al-'Ummal)

The difference between Gheebah (backbiting) and Tohmat (false accusation) is that to state someone's fault in their absence to others is backbiting, and to invent bad things about someone from oneself without reason or to hear false things from others and then spread it to others without verification and without necessity, this is false accusation, it is Iftira, it is slander. May Allah protect us from this. Nowadays this disease has become common.

لَا تَقِيْسُوْا فِي الدِّيْنِ فَإِنَّ الدِّيْنَ لَا يُقَاسُ وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ قَاسَ إِبْلِيْسُ - (الديلمي عن عليؓ)

Vocabulary: لَا تَقِيْسُوْا; do not use Qiyas (analogy). قَاسَ; imagined, used Qiyas. Translation: The Noble Prophet ﷺ said, do not bring Qiyas into play from your side in the matters of Deen; baseless Qiyas in Deen is unacceptable, the one who first used Qiyas for a matter was Iblis. He is the one who first made a baseless Qiyas. *(This hadith is narrated by Dailami from Hazrat Ali (RA))* Iblis made Qiyas that Adam is earthly (of soil) and I am fiery (of fire), therefore I am better than Adam. While the superior is present, Allah is making the superior prostrate to the inferior, which is incorrect. Iblis made the mistake that he applied the guesses of his intellect and did not see the comprehensiveness of Adam.

مَنْ قَاسَ حَدِيْثِيْ بِرَأْيِهِ فَقَدْ اِتَّهَمَنِيْ - (الديلمي عن انس)

(This hadith is also narrated in Dailami from Hazrat Anas (RA))

Translation: Whoever molds my words (the meaning of hadith) upon his Qiyas and gives his opinion (applies the guesses of his heart), then, undoubtedly, he has falsely accused me. It should be clear that Qiyas is of two types. One is that which has a source and origin, which is its basis. It is understood from some correct statement, thing. The second is baseless, fabricated. The Qiyas which is according to the origin and reality is acceptable, and the Qiyas which is baseless is rejected, unacceptable.

O people! Allah Almighty commanded all creatures, among whom the angels are important, to perform the prostration of reverence to Adam. All the angels prostrated and Iblis refused to prostrate. He formed a fabricated idea that I am of fire and Adam is of soil. Fire is better than soil, therefore I am better than Adam. Here Satan made two clear mistakes. One is that he could not understand the comprehensiveness of human beings, his sight fell upon Adam being of soil but he could not understand or see Adam's spirituality and other subtle attributes.